Descriptive Statistics in R
Descriptive Statistics in R
How to Calculate Mahalanobis Distance in R
The Mahalanobis distance is the distance between two points in a multivariate space.
It is often used to find outliers in statistical analyses that involve several variables.
This...
Descriptive Statistics in R
How to Remove Outliers in R
An outlier is an observation that lies abnormally far away from other values in a dataset. Outliers can be problematic because they can affect the results...
Descriptive Statistics in R
How to Create a Covariance Matrix in R
Covariance is a measure of how changes in one variable are associated with changes in a second variable. Specifically, it’s a measure of the degree...
Descriptive Statistics in R
How to Calculate Point-Biserial Correlation in R
Point-biserial correlation is used to measure the relationship between a binary variable, x, and a continuous variable, y.
Similar to the Pearson correlation coefficient, the point-biserial correlation...
Descriptive Statistics in R
How to Calculate Partial Correlation in R
In statistics, we often use the Pearson correlation coefficient to measure the linear relationship between two variables.
However, sometimes we’re interested in understanding the relationship...
Descriptive Statistics in R
How to Calculate Z-Scores in R
In statistics, a z-score tells us how many standard deviations away a value is from the mean. We use the following formula to calculate a z-score:
z = (X...
Descriptive Statistics in R
How to Easily Calculate Percentiles in R (With Examples)
The nth percentile of a dataset is the value that cuts off the first n percent of the data values when all of the...
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