Beginner Statistics
P-values and Effect Size
How to Find Z Alpha/2 (za/2)
Whenever you come across the term zα/2 in statistics, it is simply referring to the z critical value from the z table that corresponds to α/2.
This...
ANOVA
An Introduction to ANCOVA (Analysis of Variance)
ANCOVA stands for “analysis of covariance.” To understand how an ANCOVA works, it helps to first understand the ANOVA.
An ANOVA (analysis of variance) is used to determine whether or...
ANOVA
Friedman Test: Definition, Formula, and Example
The Friedman Test is a non-parametric alternative to the Repeated Measures ANOVA.
It is used to determine whether or not there is a statistically significant difference between the means...
Chi-Square Tests
Fisher’s Exact Test: Definition, Formula, and Example
Fisher’s Exact Test is used to determine whether or not there is a significant association between two categorical variables. It is typically used as an alternative to...
Random Variables
An Introduction to the Multinomial Distribution
The multinomial distribution describes the probability of obtaining a specific number of counts for k different outcomes, when each outcome has a fixed probability...
Random Variables
An Introduction to the Negative Binomial Distribution
The negative binomial distribution describes the probability of experiencing a certain amount of failures before experiencing a certain amount of successes in a series of Bernoulli...
Random Variables
An Introduction to the Hypergeometric Distribution
The hypergeometric distribution describes the probability of choosing k objects with a certain feature in n draws without replacement, from a finite population of size N that contains K objects with...
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